The clinical features and image characteristics of Meniere's disease patients with endolymphatic hydrops confirmed by enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Objectives: To analyze and summarize the clinical features and image characteristics of Meniere's Disease (MD) patients with Endolymphatic Hydrops (EH) confirmed by enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods: 252 MD patients with EH confirmed by MRI were enrolled. All patients met the diagnostic criteria forMD and underwent intravenous gadolinium injection. After 4 h, MR examinations were performed. The Nakashima grading standard was used to classify EH and evaluate its correlation with clinical features. Results: Different degrees of EH were shown in all MD patients, and 157 of the 252 (62.3%) patients showed significant EH, 95 of the 252 (37.7%) patients showed mild EH. Only 89 (35.3%) met the diagnostic criteria for definite MD, and the remaining 163 (64.7%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for probable MD. Compared with patients with unilateral EH, the symptoms of the first affected ear of patients with bilateral EH were more serious. The degree of EH was related to the degree of hearing loss (p< 0.05). Conclusion: MRI with intravenous gadolinium injection can provide a better assessment of EH in MD patients. The clinical features of MD patients with EH confirmed by enhanced MRI did not fully meet the existing diagnostic criteria for definite MD. Including the diagnosis of EH in the diagnostic criteria of MD can increase the diagnosis rate of MD. The degree and distribution of EH may be related to the degree of hearing loss. Level of evidence: 4.

Renal Amyloidosis Secondary to ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Renal amyloidosis secondary to anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is extremely rare. Here, we reported a 77-year-old woman with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Renal biopsy with Masson trichrome staining showed pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis, and electron microscopy showed amyloid deposition in the mesangial area. Immunofluorescence revealed kappa light chain and lambda light chain negative. Bone marrow biopsy revealed no clonal plasma cell. Finally, she was diagnosed as ANCA-associated vasculitis with secondary renal amyloid A amyloidosis.

Competency Model of Physical Therapists in China: An Exploratory Research / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To construct the competency model of physical therapists in China. Methods:A set of physical therapists' competency elements was established based on literature review and expert interviews. A questionnaire was designed based on the set, and 641 rehabilitation practitioners were investigated (521 valid questionnaires returned) with the questionnaire. Exploration factor analysis was used to construct the competency model of physical therapists, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirmed. Results:The set of physical therapists' competency elements included 74 elements in four dimensions. There were 44 competency elements in the competency model of physical therapists, including five dimensions that were Professionalism and Moral Conduct, Knowledge and Skills of Evaluation and Intervention, Abilities of Educational-Research and Advocate, Abilities of Cooperation and Management, and Basic Knowledge of Discipline, covering 74.41% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole questionnaire and each dimension was more than 0.8. Model fitness indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were as follow: χ2/df = 2.340, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.060, Goodness of Fit Index = 0.746, Normed Fit Index = 0.811, Incremental Fit Index = 0.850, Comparative Fit Index = 0.850. Conclusion:The competency model can provide a basis for physical therapists to become independent occupation, as well as for the education, selection, evaluation of physical therapists in China.

Effects of Aquatic Therapeutic Exercise on Motor Function and Activities for Children and Youth with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the intervention effects of aquatic therapeutic exercise on functioning and quality of life for children and youth with cerebral palsy within framework of World Health Organization Family International Classifications using systematic review. Methods:Literatures were retrieved and reviewed from the databases of Cochrane Library, PEDro, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, OVID, EBSCO, CMCI, CNKI, Wangfang and VIP until May, 2020. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about aquatic therapeutic exercise for children and youth with cerebral palsy for functioning were systematically reviewed. The data were analyzed with RevMan 5.3. Results:Nine RCTs were selected, including 162 children and youth. The score of Gross Motor Function Measure improved significantly after aquatic exercise (WMD = 6.31, 95 %CI 2.57 to 10.06, P < 0.001), as well as daily activities and quality of life. Conclusion:Aquatic therapeutic exercise can help improve the gross motor function of children and youth with cerebral palsy, and has positive effects on function of activity and quality of life.

The epidemic trend of viral hepatitis in Nanjing from 1989 to 2020 / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the epidemic trend of viral hepatitis in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019 and predict the incidence in 2020, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis.@*Methods@#The incidence data of viral hepatitis in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019 was retrieved from Nanjng Center for Disease Control and Prevention and National Infectious Disease Reporting System. The epidemic trend was analyzed by estimating the annual percent change ( APC ) and the average annual percent change ( AAPC ). The seasonal incidence of different types of viral hepatitis was analyzed by seasonal index. The autoregressive integrated moving average model ( ARIMA ) was built to predict monthly incidence rate of viral hepatitis in 2020. @*Results@#The annual incidence rate of viral hepatitis was 62.00/100 000 in Nanjing from 1989 to 2019, showing a downward trend ( AAPC=8.4%, P<0.05 ). From 1998 to 2019, the annual incidence rates of hepatitis A, B, C and E were 1.98/100 000, 14.31/100 000, 2.30/100 000 and 2.60/100 000. The incidence of hepatitis A and B showed downward trends ( AAPC=-11.81%, -6.02%, both P<0.05 ); the incidence trend of hepatitis C was not obvious ( P>0.05 ); the incidence of hepatitis E showed an increasing trend ( AAPC=4.82%, P<0.05 ). From 2015 to 2019, the third and fourth quarters were the epidemic seasons of hepatitis A, B and C, while the first and second quarters were the epidemic seasons of hepatitis E. The ARIMA model predicted that the monthly incidence rates of viral hepatitis in 2020 would range from 1.26/100 000 to 3.69/100 000, among which hepatitis B ranged from 1.21/100 000 to 2.58/100 000, hepatitis C from 0.20/100 000 to 0.48/100 000, hepatitis E from 0.09/100 000 to 0.25/100 000. @*Conclusions@#The incidence of viral hepatitis in Nanjing shows a downward trend. Among different types of hepatitis, hepatitis B has a higher incidence. All types of hepatitis have epidemic seasons. It is predicted that the monthly incidence rates of viral hepatitis will be 1.26/100 000 to 3.69/100 000 in 2020.

Variation in fungal community structures in rhizosphere soil of Coptis chinensis with cropping mode under natural forest and artificial shed / 中国中药杂志

This study is aimed to reveal the rhizosphere soil fungal community structure difference of Coptis chinensis cropping between natural forest and artificial shed modes, and provide theoretical guidance for soil improvement and C. chinensis planting. The rhizosphere soil samples of 1-5-year-old C. chinensis under natural forest and artificial shed modes were collected. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the community structure and diversity of soil fungi under the tow cropping modes,and the effects of soil nutriment indices on soil fungal community structure. The results suggested that the abundance and diversity of fungal communities in soil of 2-5-year-old C. chinensis were not significant different in both two cropping modes, but it was significantly higher than that in the 1-year-old C. chinensis. Comparing soil samples from the same year-old C. chinensis under the two cropping modes, it was found that there was no significant difference in the abundance and diversity of fungal communities. The fungal community of the rhizosphere soil was different in composition and abundance between tow cropping modes, and between different planting years. The 17 phyla,59 classes and 155 orders,and 17 phyla,59 classes and 157 orders were detected in the rhizosphere soil of C. chinensis under the cropping modes of natural forest and the artificial shed, respectively. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota were dominant phyla in rhizosphere soil, and the average abundance of the 3 phyla accounted for 74.36% and 74.30% of the total fungi. The results of analysis of similarities showed that there were significant differences in the fungal community structure of 1-year-old and 2-year-old C. chinensis soil fungi, and there was no significant difference in the community structure of 3-5-year-old samples. Under the natural forest cropping mode, there were significant differences among the samples of different years. Under the artificial shed cropping, there were significant differences in fungal community structure between 1-year-old and 3-5-year-old C. chinensis soil, and between 2-year-old and 3-5-year-old C. chinensis soil. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that soil pH and soil organic matter content were the main factors affecting the soil fungal community structure. Soil organic matter content was positively correlated with Basidiomycota and Cryptomycota, pH was negatively correlated with Basidiomycota and C. ryptomycota. The planting of C. chinensis has promoted the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere fungal community significantly. For the same year-old C. chinensis soil, abundance of fungal community was no significant difference between two cropping modes. There are significant differences in the rhizosphere soil fungal community structure between tow cropping modes in the first two years of planting. Through the interaction between the rhizosphere and the soil and the continuous selection of the rhizosphere to the fungal community, the fungal community structure tended to be the same between the two cropping modes in rhizosphere soil of 3-5-year old C. chinensis. The soil pH and orga-nic matter content were the main factors affecting the change of fungal community structure.

Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Lower-limb Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living for Patients with Stroke: A Meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effects of aquatic exercise on lower-limb motor function and activities of daily living for patients with stroke. Methods:The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about effects of aquatic therapeutic exercise on stroke patients were recalled from the databases of Cochrane Library, PEDro, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, OVID, EBSCO, CMCI, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was evaluated. The data were extracted, and analysed with RevMan 5.3. Results:A total of 23 RCTs that represented 861 participants were evaluated. Compared with the control group, aquatic exercise significantly improved the performance of Berg Balance Scale (WMD = 2.69, 95%CI 1.21 to 4.16,P < 0.001), Timed Up and Go Test (WMD = -1.56, 95%CI -3.07 to -0.05,P < 0.05), Functional Reach Test (WMD = 2.69, 95%CI 1.21 to 4.16,P < 0.001), sway velocity of center of pressure (SVCOP) (left/right) (WMD = -1.38, 95%CI -2.72 to -0.05,P < 0.05), SVCOP (anteroposterior) (WMD = -1.64, 95%CI -3.10 to 　-0.18,P < 0.05), walking speed (SMD = 0.33, 95%CI 0.07 to 0.58,P < 0.05), Two Minute Walk Test (WMD = 12.75, 95%CI 4.17 to 21.34,P < 0.01), Functional Ambulation Category (WMD = 0.94, 95%CI 0.67 to 1.20,P < 0.001), muscle strength of knee extensor (WMD = 4.30, 95%CI 1.53 to 7.07,P < 0.01), muscle strength of knee flexor (WMD = 4.80, 95%CI 0.29 to 9.32,P < 0.05), and Functional Independence Measurement (WMD = 6.12, 95%CI 3.98 to 8.27,P < 0.001), but not significantly in the score of modified Barthel Index (WMD = 2.92, 95%CI -6.74 to 12.58,P = 0.55). Conclusion:Aquatic exercise can improve balance, walking and muscle strength of lower extremities of stroke patients, but do not for activities of daily living.

Digital modeling and analysis of the applicability of backward rotation method in lumbar kyphoplasty with unilateral puncture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#The 3D model of lumbar spine was established by using Mimics software. To observe the applicability and needling parameters of lumbar vertebral kyphoplasty with unilateral puncture by backward rotation method using simulated puncture.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four patients (12 males and 12 females) with osteoporotic thoracic fracture in the first time and no signs of lumbar misalignment and bone destruction were scanned by spiral CT on the lumbar spine. The original DICOM file was modeled in 3D with Mimics software, and the vertebral bodies were separated. After being imported into 3-matic software, the posterior wall of the vertebral body was restrained for standardized measurement. A sketch perpendicular to the mid-section of the pedicle and the posterior wall of the vertebral body was drawn. The simulated puncture was performed on the sketch. The angle and distance parameters of the range of motion of the puncture needle were recorded, and the puncture needle was recorded at the top. The crossing points of the anterior, middle and posterior zones of the tangential line of the vertebral body were located at the high extraversion angle, and the results were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All the data in the left and right sides had no significantly differences(>0.05). Data of different segments in different gender were significantly differences(<0.05). The maximal extraversion angle in lumbar spine increased gradually from (33.41±1.31) degree to (56.53±4.71) degree in males, as same as in females from(28.58±2.55) to (53.86±2.68) degree. There was no crossing point in area A, 3.3% of males and 26.67% of females in area B, rest in area C. The distribution areas on gender showed statistically significance (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Backward rotation method can theoretically meet the requirements of puncture point for vertebral compression fracture, especially for males and lower lumbar spine. The determination of the maximum inclination angle is of guiding significance to the backward rotation method.

Evaluation of resin inlay restoration after root canal therapy for deciduous molars / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the clinical effect of composite resin inlays in repairing large areas of primary molar defects after root canal treatment to provide a reference for the restoration of carious primary molars.@*Methods@#Thirty-eight primary molars of 32 children were selected as the research objects. Indirect restoration with composite resin inlays was performed after root canal therapy. The clinical efficacy was evaluated in terms of five indices, including restoration retention, marginal integrity, gingival status, anatomical morphology and secondary caries, according to the modified USHPS evaluation criteria, at 6, 12 and 18 months after restoration.@*Results @#During the 18-month follow-up period, 36 of the 38 teeth were successfully restored, and all the evaluated items reached grade A or B. Six months after the repair, one prosthesis had fallen off, resulting in a success rate of 97.37% (37/38). The success rate remained 97.37% (37/38) 12 months after the repair; 18 months after the repair, another prosthesis had failed(Marginal integrity and anatomical morphology were grade C), reducing the success rate to 94.74% (36/38). There was no significant difference in the success rate of resin inlay repair at 6, 12 or 18 months (χ2=0.518, p=0.772).@*Conclusion@#Composite resin inlay restoration is an alternative method for repairing primary molars with large defects after root canal treatment.

Application of Mobile Assessment in Aquatic Rehabilitation Assessment for Patients with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the application of mobile medical technology in aquatic rehabilitation assessment for patients with spinal cord injury. Methods:From November, 2017 to April, 2018, 72 patients with spinal cord injury accepted aquatic exercise were randomly divided into control group (n = 36) and experimental group (n = 36). All the patients were assessed with Water Orientation Assessment of Alyn (WOTA), using paper scale for the control group, mobile scale for the experimental group, twice. The time for assessment and for recall was recorded. The accuracy of results and variety between assessment was compared. Results:The time for assessment and for recall was less in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 10.492, P < 0.001), with more accuracy of standard total score, the variety of total score and standard total score (χ2 > 4.545, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the paper-based assessment, the assessment based on mobile technology may improve work efficiency.

Preliminary experience of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in patients with adherent perinephric fat / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the preliminary experience of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in patients with adherent perinephric fat. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 16 patients with adherent perinephric fat undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy by the single surgeon in the Department of Urology of Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University between Jan. 2016 and Dec. 2016. For the patients with serious adherent perinephric fat, the tumor could be located by the intra-operative B-mode ultrasound after exposing the general boundaries of tumor and normal renal tissues, and the boundaries were marked with electric knife. The adherent adipose tissue and tumor were both resected with scissors along the marking line after blocking the blood flow. Results The operations were successfully completed in all the 16 patients, and the intra-operative B-mode ultrasound positioning was used in 5 cases. The maximal diameter of tumor was 2.1-3.5 (2.8±0.4) cm, the Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score was 3-5 (3.8±0.7), the renal artery occlusion time was 20-31 (25.6±3.1) min, and the operation time was 90-133 (112.0±10.5) min. During a follow-up of 6-20 months, no patients had recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion It is important to locate the tumor boundaries during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in patients with adherent perinephric fat, and the intra-operative B-mode ultrasound can be used if necessary. The tumor and adherent adipose tissue must be both resected to avoid forced separation of perirenal fat from renal capsule.

Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lipopolysaccharides-induced injury in the human alveolar epithelial cells / Pré-condicionamento com dexmedetomidina protege contra lesões induzidas por lipopolissacarídeos em células epiteliais alveolares humanas

Abstract Background and objectives Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has demonstrated the preconditioning effect and shown protective effects against organize injury. In this study, using A549 (human alveolar epithelial cell) cell lines, we investigated whether DEX preconditioning protected against acute lung injury (ALI) in vitro. Methods A549 were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5): control group, DEX group, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group, and D-LPS (DEX + LPS) group. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or DEX were administered. After 2 h preconditioning, the medium was refreshed and the cells were challenged with LPS for 24 h on the LPS and D-LPS group. Then the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and the cytochrome c in the A549 were tested. The apoptosis was also evaluated in the cells. Results Compare with LPS group, DEX preconditioning reduced the apoptosis (26.43% ± 1.05% vs. 33.58% ± 1.16%, p < 0.05) in the A549, which is correlated with decreased MDA (12.84 ± 1.05 vs. 19.16 ± 1.89 nmoL.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05) and increased SOD activity (30.28 ± 2.38 vs. 20.86 ± 2.19 U.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05). DEX preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.53 ± 0.03 vs. 0.32 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.49 ± 0.04 vs. 0.65 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), caspase-3 (0.54 ± 0.04 vs. 0.76 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) and cytochrome c. Conclusion DEX preconditioning has a protective effect against ALI in vitro. The potential mechanisms involved are the inhibition of cell death and improvement of antioxidation.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Dexmedetomidina (DEX) demonstrou ter efeito pré-condicionante e também efeitos protetores contra lesão organizada. Neste estudo, com células A549 (células epiteliais alveolares humanas), investigamos se o pré-condicionamento com DEX proporcionaria proteção contra lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA) in vitro. Métodos Células A549 foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em quatro grupos (n = 5): controle, DEX, lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) e D-LPS (DEX + LPS). Administramos solução de PBS (tampão fosfato-alcalino) ou DEX. Após 2 h de pré-condicionamento, o meio foi renovado e as células desafiadas com LPS por 24 h nos grupos LPS e D-LPS. Em seguida, malondialdeído (MDA), superóxido dismutase (SOD), Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 e em A549 foram testados. Apoptose também foi avaliada nas células. Resultados Em comparação com o grupo LPS, o pré-condicionamento com DEX reduziu a apoptose (26,43% ± 1,05% vs. 33,58% ± 1,16%, p < 0,05) em células A549, o que está correlacionado com a diminuição de MDA (12,84 ± 1,05 vs. 19,16 ± 1,89 nmol.mg-1 de proteína, p < 0,05) e aumento da atividade de SOD (30,28 ± 2,38 vs. 20,86 ± 2,19 U.mg-1 de proteína, p < 0,05). O pré-condicionamento com DEX também aumentou o nível de Bcl-2 (0,53 ± 0,03 vs. 0,32 ± 0,04, p < 0,05) e diminuiu o nível de Bax (0,49 ± 0,04 vs. 0,65 ± 0,04, p < 0,05), caspase-3 (0,54 ± 0,04 vs. 0,76 ± 0,04, p < 0,05) e citocromo c. Conclusão O pré-condicionamento com DEX tem efeito protetor contra LPA in vitro. Os potenciais mecanismos envolvidos são inibição da morte celular e melhoria da antioxidação.

Morphology and volume of maxillary canine pulp cavity for individual age estimation in forensic dentistry / Morfología y volumen de la cavidad de pulpa del canino maxilar para la estimación de la edad individual en odontología forense

Age estimation plays a very important role in individual recognition in forensic dentistry. Morphological data of 3D pulp cavity of maxillary canines were acquired by oral and craniofacial CT scans. In accordance with inclusion criteria, CT data of 103 patients (51 males and 52 females) were collected at the Department of Radiology, Stomatological Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, China from September 2015 to August 2016. Mimics 17.0 software was used to measure pulp volume of maxillary canines and tooth volume, and to calculate the ratio of pulp volume/tooth volume. SPSS 16.0 software was utilized to analyze and establish database. Linear regression analysis was applied to process data and to establish a linear regression equation for individual age: Y=69.137-621.200 (pulp volume/tooth volume), R=0.544. Subjects were grouped according to gender, deriving the inferred function of male age: Y=64.333-468.811 (pulp volume/tooth volume), R=0.435; the inferred function of female age: Y=76.445-843.186 (pulp volume/tooth volume), R=0.691. The ratio of pulp volume to tooth volume can be used to infer individual age, and can provide a new method and pathway for individual recognition in forensic dentistry.

La estimación de la edad juega un papel importante en el reconocimiento individual en la odontología forense. Los datos morfológicos de la cavidad pulpar tridimensional de los caninos maxilares fueron adquiridos por tomografía computarizada oral y craneofacial. De acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión, se recolectaron datos de 103 pacientes (51 hombres y 52 mujeres) en el Departamento de Radiología del Hospital de Estomatología de la Universidad de Medicina de Shanxi, desde septiembre de 2015 hasta agosto de 2016. Se utilizó el software Mimics 17.0 para medir el volumen de pulpa de los caninos maxilares y el volumen del diente, además, se calculó la relación entre el volumen de la pulpa y el volumen del diente. Se utilizó el software SPSS 16.0 para analizar y establecer las bases de datos. El análisis de regresión lineal se aplicó a los datos del proceso y para establecer la edad individual se aplicó una ecuación de regresión lineal: Y = 69.137-621.200 (volumen de la pulpa / volumen del diente), R = 0.544. Los sujetos se agruparon según el sexo, derivando la función inferida de la edad masculina: Y = 64.333-468.811 (volumen de la pulpa / volumen del diente), R = 0.435; La función inferida de la edad de la mujer: Y = 76.445-843.186 (volumen de la pulpa / volumen del diente), R = 0.691. La relación entre el volumen de la pulpa y el volumen del diente puede usarse para inferir la edad individual y puede proporcionar un nuevo método y forma para el reconocimiento individual en la odontología forense.

Prescription optimization and stability investigation of urea ointment / 军事医学

Objective To adjust the prescription of urea ointment and investigate its stability .Methods In accordance with the original prescription , four groups of urea ointment were prepared .Group A and group B were made with yellow vaseline from different manufacturers , while groups C and D were prepared in summer and winter respectively with the same source materials.The viscosity and moldability of the four groups were evaluated through the senses .The prescription was slightly adjusted through the single-factor effect experiment .Three batches of urea ointment were prepared according to the new prescription and their stability was investigated .Results Using the original prescription , the urea ointment made with yellow vaseline provided by Manufacturer One had better viscosity and moldability than that from Manufacturer Two .The urea ointment made in summer had lower viscosity and poorer moldability than the one made in winter .The amount of beeswax increased in the adjusted prescription .Three batches of urea ointment were prepared with the new prescription and their stability was maintained .There were no changes in appearance , and the content and microbial limit remained in the standard range for 11 months.Conclusion The source of materials and change of the external environment could affect the characteristics of urea ointment .The adjusted prescription is feasible and stable .

Relationships of Inflammatory Factors and Risk Factors with Different Target Organ Damage in Essential Hypertension Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory disease. Inflammation was considered to play a role in the whole process of AS. This study aimed to analyze the relationships of inflammatory factors and risk factors with different target organ damages (TOD) in essential hypertension (EH) patients and to explore its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 294 EH patients were selected and divided into four groups according to their conditions of TOD. Forty-eight healthy subjects were selected as control. The clinical biochemical parameters, serum amyloid A, serum tryptase, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in each group were detected, and the related risk factors were also statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fibrinogen (Fbg) was the most significant independent risk factor in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group (odds ratio [OR]: 22.242, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.458-76.609, P< 0.001) with the largest absolute value of the standardized partial regression coefficient B' (b': 1.079). Lp-PLA2 was the most significant independent risk factor in stroke group (OR: 13.699, 95% CI: 5.236-35.837, P< 0.001) with b' = 0.708. Uric acid (UA) was the most significant independent risk factor in renal damage group (OR: 15.307, 95% CI: 4.022-58.250, P< 0.001) with b' = 1.026.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Fbg, Lp-PLA2, and UA are the strongest independent risk factors toward the occurrence of ACS, ischemic stroke, and renal damage in EH patients, thus exhibiting the greatest impacts on the occurrence of ACS, ischemic stroke, and renal damage in EH patients, respectively.</p>

Trisomy 21 with t(5;11) Chromosomal Translocation as New Unfavorable Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Type M2: One Case Report of Nine-year Follow-up and Literature Review / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

We report one case of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia type 2 (AML-M2) who presented with karyotypic aberration of trisomy 21 with the t(5;ll) chromosomal translocation.The patient achieved complete remission after two cycles of chemotherapy of daunorubicin,cytarabine and etoposide.Then,follow-up cytogenetic analysis from bone marrow cell cultures demonstrated a normal karyotype of 46,XY.After 9 years,the patient relapsed and the karyotypic abnormalities of trisomy 21 with t(5;ll) reappeared.It was concluded that trisomy 21 with t(5;11) is a new unfavorable cytogenetic aberration in AML-M2.

Functional differentiation of dopaminergic neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The in vitro differentiation methods of stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons that serve as a cell source for the replacement therapy of Parkinson's disease are continuously optimized and improved, as well as the subsequent identification methods and testing indicators. OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological development and electrophysiological characteristics of dopaminergic neurons differentiated from human embryonic stem cells so as to identify whether these differentiated cells have mature morphology and function under the current differentiation program. METHODS: Monolayer adherent method combined with dual-SMAD signaling inhibition was used to induce the directional differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. Then the cells were identified by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the electrophysiological properties of dopaminergic neurons were detected by patch clamp electrophysiological technique. Herein, we evaluated the electrophysiological functions of dopaminergic neurons differentiated in vitro, with reference to the evaluation standard of dopaminergic neuron in vivo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In this study, we successfully obtained dopaminergic neurons with mature morphology and functions differentiated from human embryonic stem cells in vitro. Findings from the subsequent electrophysiological test confirmed that dopaminergic neurons we acquired had electrophysiological properties in accordance with the evaluation standards of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. To conclude, the monolayer adherent method combined with dual-SMAD signaling inhibition can successfully induce the directional differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons with mature morphology and functions.

Relationship between preoperative renal cortical thickness and glomerular filtration rate before and after minimally invasive surgery in patients with unilateral upper urinary tract obstruction / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative renal cortical thickness and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before and after minimally invasive surgery in patients with unilateral upper urinary tract obstruction. Methods 63 patients with upper urinary tract obstruction from July 2015 to June 2016 were enrolled in the study, including 34 males and 29 females, age ranged from 22 to 73 years old (52.21 ± 11.56). Their operation methods included 24 cases of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and lithotomy, 21 cases with one-stage percutaneous nephrostomy + two-stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), 18 cases of PCNL. The abdominal enhanced CT and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were measured to RCT and GFR. Then all cases were divided into group A (moderate renal impairment, 15.0 ml/min ≤ GFR < 30 ml/min), group B (severe renal damage, 7.5 ml/min ≤ GFR <15.0 ml/min) and group C (extremely severe renal injury, GFR < 7.5 ml/min) according to preoperative renal GFR, and changes of GFR before and after surgery were compared among three groups. Simple linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between preoperative RCT and other indexes in group A and B. Results 9 patients were not measured RCT because of serious hydronephrosis, 54 patients included 20 cases of RCT >10 mm, 23 cases of 5 ～ 7 mm and 11 cases of <5 mm, and the average value was (10.75 ± 4.91) mm. The preoperative RCT in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). GFR at 1 and 9 months after operation in three groups were significantly higher than that before operation in the same group (P < 0.05). GFR at 1 and 9 months after operation in group A were significantly higher than that the other two groups, and GFR at 9 months after operation in group B was significantly higher than that in group C (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in GFR at 1 month after operation between group B and C (P > 0.05). GFR recovery value at 1 month after operation in group B was significantly lower than that in other two groups (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in GFR at 9 months after operation among three groups (P > 0.05). Preoperative RCT was positively correlated with preoperative GFR (r = 0.613), GFR at 1 month after operation (r = 0.697) and the recovery value (r = 0.552), GFR at 9 months after operation ((r = 0.589) and recovery values (r = 0.488), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Removal of upper urinary tract obstruction could recover the renal function to varying degrees, even for patients with extremely severe renal injury, who could retrieve their kidney. Preoperative RCT could be helpful in judging the renal function during operation, especially for the postoperative recovery of renal function.

Knowledge, attitude and practice on schistosomiasis control of chronic schistosomiasis patients in Poyang Lake area,Nanchang City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the present situation of the chronic schistosomiasis patients'knowledge,attitude and practice on schistosomiasis control in Nanchang City. Methods The knowledge,attitude and values on schistosomiasis control of 523 chronic schistosomiasis patients in Nanchang County,Jinxian County and Xinjian District in the Poyang Lake District were investigated with questionnaires. And the accuracy rates of the knowledge,attitude and practice among the patient groups of different counties,genders,age groups,occupations and educational levels were analyzed. Results The accuracy rates of the knowledge,attitude and practice of patients on schistosomiasis control were 95.76%,82.80%,and 81.73% in Nanchang County;91.37%,93.32%,and 76.48%in Jinxian County;88.25%,67.56%,and 49.40%in Xinjian District. In the accuracy rates of knowledge,attitude and practice,the differences among the three counties (districts) were statistically significant (χ2=57.511-301.378,all P<0.05). Conclusions The accuracy rates of chronic schistosomiasis patients'attitude and prac-tice on schistosomiasis control in Nanchang City remain low. Therefore,the intensity of attitude and practice intervention should be strengthened in the Poyang Lake District in order to enhance the self-protection awareness of the patients.

Prescription optimization and stability investigation of urea ointment / 军事医学

Objective To adjust the prescription of urea ointment and investigate its stability .Methods In accordance with the original prescription , four groups of urea ointment were prepared .Group A and group B were made with yellow vaseline from different manufacturers , while groups C and D were prepared in summer and winter respectively with the same source materials.The viscosity and moldability of the four groups were evaluated through the senses .The prescription was slightly adjusted through the single-factor effect experiment .Three batches of urea ointment were prepared according to the new prescription and their stability was investigated .Results Using the original prescription , the urea ointment made with yellow vaseline provided by Manufacturer One had better viscosity and moldability than that from Manufacturer Two .The urea ointment made in summer had lower viscosity and poorer moldability than the one made in winter .The amount of beeswax increased in the adjusted prescription .Three batches of urea ointment were prepared with the new prescription and their stability was maintained .There were no changes in appearance , and the content and microbial limit remained in the standard range for 11 months.Conclusion The source of materials and change of the external environment could affect the characteristics of urea ointment .The adjusted prescription is feasible and stable .